ba'e BAhE emphasize next forethought emphasis indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized za'e BAhE nonce-word next forethought nonce-word indicator; indicates next word is nonce-creation and ma y be nonstandard bi'i BIhI unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... bi'o BIhI ordered interval non-logical interval connective: ordered from ... to ... mi'i BIhI center-range non-logical interval connective: ordered components: ... center, ... range surrounding center boi BOI end number elidable terminator: terminate numeral or letteral string ca'a CAhA actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event ka'e CAhA can modal aspect: innate capability; possibly unrealized nu'o CAhA can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential pu'i CAhA can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential na'epu'i CAhA has never modal aspect: has never, and perhaps cannot; other-than-demonstrated-ability cei CEI pro-bridi assign selbri variable assignment; assigns broda series pro-bridi to a selbri be'e COI request to send vocative: request to send/speak co'o COI goodbye vocative: partings/good-bye coi COI hello vocative: greetings/hello fe'o COI over and out vocative: over and out (end discussion) fi'i COI hospitality vocative: hospitality - inhospitality; you are welcome/ make yourself at home je'e COI roger vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks ju'i COI attention vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me ke'o COI please repeat vocative: please repeat ki'e COI thanks vocative: thanks - no thanks to you mi'e COI i am self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; identifies speaker mu'o COI over vocative: over (response OK) - more to come nu'e COI promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise pe'u COI please vocative: please re'i COI ready to receive vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive ta'a COI interruption vocative: interruption vi'o COI wilco vocative: wilco (ack and will comply) coico'o COI greetings in passing vocative: greetings in passing fi'inai COI inhospitality vocative: hospitality - inhospitality je'enai COI nack vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; I didn't hear you ju'icu'i COI at ease vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me ju'inai COI ignore me vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me ki'enai COI no thanks to you vocative: thanks - no thanks to you mi'enai COI I am not self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; denies identity of speaker mu'onai COI more to come vocative: over (response OK) - more to come nu'ecu'i COI release from promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise nu'enai COI non-promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise re'inai COI not ready to receive vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive cu'e CUhE modal ? tense/modal question nau CUhE here and now tense: refers to current space/time reference absolutely da'o DAhO cancel pro-assigns discursive: cancel pro-sumti/pro-bridi assignments doi DOI vocative generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI doido'u DOI O You generic vocative address to intended listener; do'u DOhU end vocative elidable terminator: end vocative (often elidable) mo'ibe'a FAhA northwardly space motion tense: northwardly; to the north directional space motion mo'ibu'u FAhA moving to coincide space motion tense: moving to coincide directional space motion mo'ica'u FAhA forwardly space motion tense: forward directional space motion mo'idu'a FAhA eastwardly space motion tense: eastwardly; to the east directional space motion mo'ifa'a FAhA arriving at space motion tense: arriving at; arriving at a point directional space motion mo'iga'u FAhA upwardly space motion tense: upwardly; upwards directional space motion mo'ine'a FAhA moving near space motion tense: approximating; moving around the neighborhood of ... space motion mo'ine'i FAhA into space motion tense: moving into directional space motion mo'ine'u FAhA southwardly space motion tense: southwardly; to the south directional space motion mo'ini'a FAhA downwardly space motion tense: downwardly; downwards directional space motion mo'ipa'o FAhA passing through space motion tense: passing through directional space motion mo'ire'o FAhA along space motion tense: along; along a path directional space motion mo'iri'u FAhA rightwardly space motion tense: rightwardly; to the right directional space motion mo'iru'u FAhA orbiting space motion tense: orbiting; surrounding/annular directional space motion mo'ite'e FAhA along the border space motion tense: moving along the border directional space motion mo'iti'a FAhA rearwardly space motion tense: rearwardsly; rearwards directional space motion mo'ito'o FAhA moving away from space motion tense: moving away from a point directional space motion mo'ivu'a FAhA westwardly space motion tense: westwardly; to the west directional space motion mo'ize'o FAhA outwardly space motion tense: outwardsly; outward directional space motion mo'izo'a FAhA passing by space motion tense: passing by a site directional space motion mo'izo'i FAhA inwardly space motion tense: approaching directional space motion mo'izu'a FAhA leftwardly space motion tense: leftwardsly; to the left directional space motion na'efa'a FAhA not toward point space direction: not towards specified point, contrary negation; direction modal be'a FAhA north of location tense relation/direction; north of du'a FAhA east of location tense relation/direction; east of ne'u FAhA south of location tense relation/direction; south of vu'a FAhA west of location tense relation/direction; west of ca'u FAhA in front of location tense relation/direction; forwards/to the front of ... ga'u FAhA above location tense relation/direction; upwards/up from ... ni'a FAhA below location tense relation/direction; downwards/down from ... ri'u FAhA right of location tense relation/direction; rightwards/to the right of ... ru'u FAhA surrounding location tense relation/direction; surrounding/annular ... ti'a FAhA behind location tense relation/direction; rearwards/to the rear of ... zu'a FAhA left of location tense relation/direction; leftwards/to the left of ... bu'u FAhA coincident with location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca ne'a FAhA next to location tense relation/direction; approximating/next to ... ne'i FAhA within location tense relation/direction; within/inside of/into ... pa'o FAhA transfixing location tense relation/direction; transfixing/passing through ... re'o FAhA adjacent to location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting ... te'e FAhA bordering location tense relation/direction; edged by/edging up to ... fa'a FAhA toward point location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ... to'o FAhA away from point location tense relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ... ze'o FAhA outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ... zo'a FAhA tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ... zo'i FAhA inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ... fa'o FAhO end of text unconditional end of text; outside regular grammar; used for computer input fe'e FEhE space aspects mark space interval distributive aspects; labels interval tense modifiers as location-oriented fe'u FEhU end FIhO elidable terminator: end nonce conversion of selbri to modal; usually elidable fi'o FIhO selbri to modal convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag fu'e FUhE indicator scope begin indicator long scope fu'o FUhO end FUhE end indicator long scope; terminates scope of all active indicators ga'o GAhO inclusive interval closed interval bracket marker; mod. intervals in non-logical connectives; include boundaries ke'i GAhO exclusive interval open interval bracket marker; modifies intervals in non-logical connectives; exclude boundaries ge'u GEhU end GOI elidable terminator: end relative/modal phrases; usually elidable in non-complex phrases ne GOI incidental phrase non-restrictive relative phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with ... no'u GOI incidental identity non-restrictive appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ... pe GOI restrictive phrase restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive po GOI is specific to restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal po'e GOI which belongs to restrictive relative phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession po'u GOI restrictive identity restrictive appositive phrase marker: which is the same thing as bu'a GOhA some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1 bu'e GOhA some selbri 2 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 2 bu'i GOhA some selbri 3 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 3 co'e GOhA unspecif selbri elliptical/unspecified selbri du GOhA equals identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing go'a GOhA recent bridi pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2) go'e GOhA penultimate bridi pro-bridi: repeats the next to last bridi go'i GOhA last bridi pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes go'o GOhA future bridi pro-bridi: repeats a future bridi, normally the next one go'u GOhA earlier bridi pro-bridi: repeats a remote past bridi nei GOhA this bridi pro-bridi: repeats the current bridi no'a GOhA next outer bridi pro-bridi: repeats the bridi in which this one is embedded go'ira'o GOhA true for me too pro-bridi: preceding bridi; repeats claim as true, updating for speaker/listener change nago'i GOhA deny last bridi selbri: repeats preceding bridi while denying it as false; pro-assign values are unchanged jai JAI modal conversion convert tense/modal (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place (fai) ce JOI in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set ce'o JOI in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence fa'u JOI and respectively non-logical connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association jo'e JOI union non-logical connective: union of sets jo'u JOI in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) joi JOI in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass ku'a JOI intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets pi'u JOI cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets jo'i JOhI array join mathematical expression (mex) operands into an array la'edi'u KOhA last utterance it pro-sumti: the referent of the last utterance; the state described: "IT was fun" da'e KOhA eventual utterance pro-sumti: remote future utterance; "He'll tell you tomorrow. IT will be a doozy." da'u KOhA earlier utterance pro-sumti: a remote past utterance; "She couldn't have known that IT would be true." de'e KOhA soon utterance pro-sumti: a near future utterance de'u KOhA recent utterance pro-sumti: a recent utterance dei KOhA this utterance pro-sumti: this utterance di'e KOhA next utterance pro-sumti: the next utterance di'u KOhA last utterance pro-sumti: the last utterance do'i KOhA unspecif utterance pro-sumti: elliptical/unspecified utterance variable do KOhA you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative do'o KOhA you and others pro-sumti: you the listener & others unspecified ma'a KOhA we with you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified mi KOhA me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative mi'a KOhA we not you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & others unspecified, but not you, the listener mi'o KOhA me and you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) zu'i KOhA typical it pro-sumti: the typical sumti value for this place in this relationship; affects truth value la LA that named name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description la'i LA the set of named name descriptor: the set of those named ... ; takes name or selbri description lai LA the mass of named name descriptor: the mass of individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri description la'e LAhE the referent of the referent of (indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti lu'a LAhE the members of the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals lu'e LAhE the symbol for the symbol for (indirect discourse); uses the symbol/word(s) for a sumti as the desired sumti lu'i LAhE the set composed of the set with members; converts another description type to a set of the members lu'o LAhE the mass composed of the mass composed of; converts another description type to a mass composed of the members tu'a LAhE raising extracts a concrete sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u [sumti] co'e vu'i LAhE the sequence of sumti qualifier: the sequence made from set or composed of elements/components; order is vague le LE the described non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ... le'e LE the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... le'i LE the set described non-veridical descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a set lei LE the mass described non-veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ... lo LE the really is veridical descriptor: the one(s) that really is(are) ... lo'e LE the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... lo'i LE the set really is veridical descriptor: the set of those that really are ..., treated as a set loi LE the mass really is veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ... le jaica LE the time of description: marks description extracting the time tense place of the description bridi le jaigauLE the agent in description: marks description extracting the agentive place of the description selbri le jaivi LE the location of description: marks description extracting the location place of the description bridi le'u LEhU end error quote end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable li LI the number the number/evaluated expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to sumti me'o LI the mex the mathematical expression (unevaluated); convert unevaluated mathematical expression to sumti li'u LIhU end quote elidable terminator: end grammatical quotation; seldom elidable except at end of text lo'o LOhO end LI elidable terminator: end math express.(mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion; usually elidable lo'u LOhU error quote start questionable/out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but needn't be grammatical lu LU quote start grammatical quotation; quoted text should be grammatical on its own lu'u LUhU end LAhE elidable terminator: end of sumti qualifiers; usually elidable except before a sumti mai MAI sentence ordinal utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to an ordinal, such as an item or paragraph number mo'o MAI section ordinal higher-order utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to ordinal, usually a section/chapter nomo'o MAI section 0 discursive utterance ordinal: zeroth section/chapter ordinal; foreword pamai MAI firstly discursive: first utterance ordinal pamo'o MAI section 1 discursive utterance ordinal: first section/chapter ordinal romai MAI lastly discursive utterance ordinal: finally; last utterance ordinal me ME sumti to selbri convert sumti to selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2 me'u MEhU end ME elidable terminator: end sumti that was converted to selbri; usually elidable cu'o MOI probability selbri convert number to probability selbri; event x1 has probability (n) of occurring under cond. x2 mei MOI cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 whose n member(s) are x3 moi MOI ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 si'e MOI portion selbri convert number to portion selbri; x1 is an (n)th portion of mass/totality x2; (cf. gunma) da'amoi MOI is penultimate among quantified selbri: converts all-but-(1) to ordinal selbri; x1 is penultimate among x2 by rule x3 da'aremoiMOI is antepenultimate among quantified selbri: converts all-but-2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is antepenult. among x2 by rule x3 du'emei MOI are too many quantifier selbri: convert too many to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with too many members x2 pamei MOI is singular quantified selbri: convert 1 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with single/sole/only member x2 pamoi MOI is first among quantified selbri: convert 1 to ordinal selbri; x1 is first among x2 ordered by rule x3 pimucu'o MOI has even odds quantified selbri: convert .5 to probability selbri; event x1 has a 50/50 chance under cond. x2 piresi'e MOI is 0.2 of quantified selbri: convert .2 = 1/5 to portion selbri; x1 is 1/5 of mass/totality x2 pirosi'e MOI is all of quantified selbri: converts all-of to portion selbri; x1 is the whole portion of mass x2 raumei MOI are enough quantified selbri: converts enough to cardinal; x1 is a set with members x2, enough by std. x3 raumoi MOI is enoughth among quantified selbri: converts enough to ordinal; x1 is enoughth among x2, order rule x3 romoi MOI is last among quantified selbri: is final among; convert all to ordinal selbri; x1 is last among x2, rule x3 so'imei MOI are many quantified selbri: convert many to cardinal; x1 is a set with many members x2 of total set x3 su'oremeiMOI is plural quantified selbri: convert at least 2 to cardinal selbri; x1 is a set with plural membership x2 su'oremoiMOI is at least second among quantified selbri: convert at least 2 to ordinal selbri; x1 is at-least-2nd among x2 by rule x3 mo'e MOhE sumti to operand convert sumti to mex operand; sample use in story arithmetic: [3 apples] + [3 apples] = what mo'i MOhI space motion mark motions in space-time ja'a NA bridi yes bridi logical affirmer; scope is an entire bridi je'a NAhE scalar yes scalar affirmer; denies scalar negation: Indeed! na'e NAhE scalar not contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied no'e NAhE not really midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really" to'e NAhE polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator na'u NAhU selbri to operator convert selbri to mex operator; used to create less-used operators using le'avla, lujvo, etc. ni'e NIhE selbri to operand convert selbri to mex operand; used to create new non-numerical quantifiers; e.g. "herd" of oxen ni'o NIhO new topic discursive: paragraph break; introduce new topic no'i NIhO old topic discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic noi NOI incidental clause non-restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental information poi NOI restrictive clause restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti voi NOI descriptive clause non-veridical restrictive clause used to form complicated le-like descriptions using "ke'a" du'u NU bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 jei NU truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under epistemology x2 ka NU property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] li'i NU experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer) ni NU amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 nu NU event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] si'o NU idea abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] su'u NU unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 sedu'u NU sentence abstract compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2 mu'e NU point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi] pu'u NU process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2 za'i NU state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true zu'o NU activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2 nu'a NUhA operator to selbri convert mathematical expression (mex) operator to a selbri/tanru component nu'i NUhI termset start termset construct; marks start of place structure set with logical connection nu'u NUhU end termset elidable terminator: end termset; usually elidable except with following sumti ji'ima'u PA rounded up rounded up (appended after string of digits indicating a rounded value) ji'ini'u PA rounded down rounded down (appended after string of digits indicating a rounded value) pidu'e PA too much of number: too much of piji'i PA approximately all of number: approximately all of pimo'a PA too little of number: too little of piro PA all of number: all of piso'a PA almost all of number: almost all of piso'i PA much of number: much of piso'u PA a little of number: a little of pisu'o PA at least some of number: at least some of ce'i PA percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths fi'u PA fraction slash digit/number: fraction slash; default "/n" => 1/n, "n/" => n/1, or "/" alone => golden ratio ki'o PA number comma digit/number: number comma; thousands ma'u PA positive number digit/number: plus sign; positive number; default any positive me'i PA less than digit/number: less than ni'u PA negative number digit/number: minus sign; negative number); default any negative pi PA decimal point digit/number: radix (number base) point; default decimal pi'e PA digit separator digit/number:separates digits for base >16, not current standard, or variable (e.g. time, date) ra'e PA repeating decimal digit/number: repeating digits (of a decimal) follow za'u PA greater than digit/number: greater than da'a PA all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; default 1 du'e PA too many digit/number: too many; subjective ji'i PA approximately digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number) mo'a PA too few digit/number: too few; subjective rau PA enough digit/number: enough; subjective ro PA each digit/number: each, all so'a PA almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number) so'e PA most digit/number: most so'i PA many digit/number: many so'o PA several digit/number: several so'u PA few digit/number: few su'e PA at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than su'o PA at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than ci'i PA infinity digit/number: infinity; followed by digits => aleph cardinality ka'o PA imaginary i digit/number: imaginary i; square root of -1 no'o PA typical value digit/number: typical/average value pai PA pi digit/number: pi (approximately 3.1416...) te'o PA exponential e digit/number: exponential e (approx 2.71828...) tu'o PA null operand digit/number: null operand (used in unary operations); a non-specific/elliptical number pe'a PEhA figurative start figurative (non-literal) speech/text po'a POhA end figurative end figurative (non-literal) speech/text ba PU after time tense relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense ca PU during time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense pu PU before time tense relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default past tense ra'o RAhO pro-assign update flag GOhA to indicate pro-assignment context updating for all pro-assigns in referenced bridi roi ROI quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense ci'iroi ROI infinite times tense interval modifier: occurs infinite times, eternally; objective tense; defaults as time du'eroi ROI too many times tense interval modifier: too many times objective tense, defaults as time tense fe'enoroiROI nowhere location tense interval modifier: never in space; objectively quantified tense fe'eroroiROI everywhere location tense interval modifier: always in space; objectively quantified tense mo'aroi ROI too few times tense interval modifier: too few times; objective tense; defaults as time tense noroi ROI never tense interval modifier: never; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense paroi ROI once tense interval modifier: once; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense piso'iroiROI much of the time tense interval modifier: often; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense piso'uroiROI rarely tense interval modifier: rarely; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense reroi ROI twice tense interval modifier; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense roroi ROI always tense interval modifier: always; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense so'eroi ROI most times tense interval modifier: usually; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense so'iroi ROI many times tense interval modifier: many times; objective tense; defaults as time tense so'uroi ROI a few times tense interval modifier: a few times; objective tense; defaults as time tense sa SA erase utterance erase complete or partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do jaica SE time conversion convert time tense (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra place (fai) jaigau SE agent conversion makes x1 the agent of a bridi; old 1st place moves to extra place (fai) jaivi SE location conversion convert location tense (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra place (fai) sei SEI discursive bridi start discursive (metalinguistic) bridi ti'o SEI mex precedence mathematical expression (mex) operator precedence (discursive) se'u SEhU end SEI elidable terminator: end discursive bridi or mathematical precedence;usually elidable si SI erase word erase the last Lojban word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word soi SOI reciprocal sumti discursive: reciprocal sumti marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between sumti su SU erase discourse erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over di'i TAhE regularly tense interval modifier: regularly; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense na'o TAhE typically tense interval modifier: characteristically/typically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense ru'i TAhE continuously tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense ta'e TAhE habitually tense interval modifier: habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense di'inai TAhE irregularly tense interval modifier: irregularly/aperiodically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense na'onai TAhE atypically tense interval modifier: atypically; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense ru'inai TAhE occasionally tense interval modifier: occasional/intermittent/discontinuous; defaults as time tense ta'enai TAhE non-habitually tense interval modifier: non-habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense ju'e JOI unspecif conn non-logical connective: elliptical/unspecified connective te'u TEhU end mex converters elidable terminator: end conversion between non-mex and mex; usually elidable to TO start parenthesis left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text to'i TO editorial unquote open editorial unquote (within a quote); contains grammatical text; mark with editorial insert toi TOI end parenthesis elidable terminator: right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of text tu'e TUhE text scope start of multiple utterance scope; used for logical/non-logical/ordinal joining of sentences tu'u TUhU end TUhE elidable terminator: end multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable vei VEI left bracket left mathematical bracket ve'a VEhA medium space interval location tense interval: a small/medium region of space ve'e VEhA whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space ve'i VEhA small space interval location tense interval: a tiny region of space ve'u VEhA big space interval location tense interval: a large region of space ve'o VEhO right bracket right mathematical bracket vi'a VIhA 2-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 2-space interval; throughout an area vi'e VIhA 4-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 4-space interval; throughout a spacetime vi'i VIhA 1-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 1-space interval; along a line vi'u VIhA 3-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 3-space interval; throughout a space vu'o VUhO long scope relative joins relative clause/phrase to complete complex or logically connected sumti in afterthought fu'u VUhU unspecif operator n-ary mathematical operator: elliptical/unspecified mathematical expression (mex) operator ge'a VUhU null operator mathematical operator: null mathematical expression (mex) operator (used in >2-ary ops) fe'i VUhU divided by n-ary mathematical operator: divided by; division operator; [(((a / b) / c) / ...)] pi'i VUhU times n-ary mathematical operator: times; multiplication operator; [(((a b) c) ...)] su'i VUhU plus n-ary mathematical operator: plus; addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)] vu'u VUhU minus n-ary mathematical operator: minus; subtraction operator; [(((a - b) - c) - ...)] fa'i VUhU reciprocal of unary mathematical operator: reciprocal; multiplicative inverse; [1/a] gei VUhU exponential notation trinary mathematical operator: order of magnitude/value/base; [b (c to the a power)] ju'u VUhU number base binary mathematical operator: number base; [a interpreted in the base b] pa'i VUhU ratio binary mathematical operator: ratio; [the ratio of a to b] te'a VUhU to the power binary mathematical operator: to the power; exponential; [a to the b power] cu'a VUhU absolute value unary mathematical operator: absolute value/norm |a| de'o VUhU logarithm binary mathematical operator: logarithm; [log/ln a to base b]; default base 10 or e fe'a VUhU nth root of binary mathematical operator: nth root of; inverse power [a to the 1/b power] ne'o VUhU factorial unary mathematical operator: factorial; a! va'a VUhU additive inverse unary mathematical operator: additive inverse; [- a] pi'a VUhU matrix of rows n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix rows re'a VUhU transpose unary mathematical operator: matrix transpose/dual; A ri'o VUhU integral trinary mathematical operator: [integral of a with respect to b over range c] sa'i VUhU matrix of columns n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix columns sa'o VUhU derivative trinary mathematical operator: [derivative of a with respect to b of degree c] si'i VUhU sigma summation trinary mathematical operator: [sigma summation of a using variable b over range c] ba'o ZAhO perfective interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective | |---- ca'o ZAhO continuative interval event contour: during ...; continuative |-----| co'a ZAhO initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< | co'i ZAhO achievative interval event contour: at the instantaneous point of ...; achievative; point event >|< co'u ZAhO cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | < | de'a ZAhO pausative event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process di'a ZAhO resumptitive event contour for resumption of a paused process mo'u ZAhO completive interval event contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive | >|< pu'o ZAhO anticipative interval event contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative ----| | za'o ZAhO superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ----> baca'o ZAhO will be time tense: will be then; (tense/modal) caba'o ZAhO has been time tense: has been, is now in the aftermath of; (tense/modal) caca'o ZAhO is now time tense: is now/simultaneously, is now in the middle of; (tense/modal) capu'o ZAhO is going to time tense: is going to, is now just about to, is now anticipating; (tense/modal) fe'eba'o ZAhO beyond location event contour tense: perfective in space; beyond the place of ... fe'eca'o ZAhO throughout location event contour tense: continuative in space; throughout the place of ... fe'eco'a ZAhO on this edge of location event contour tense: initiative in space; on this edge of ... fe'eco'i ZAhO at the point of location event contour tense: achievative in space; at the point of ... fe'emo'u ZAhO at the far end of location event contour tense: completive in space; at the far end of ... fe'epu'o ZAhO up to location event contour tense: anticipative in space; up to the edge of ... fe'eza'o ZAhO continuing too far location event contour tense: superfective in space; continuing too far beyond ... puca'o ZAhO was then time tense: was then; (tense/modal) ze'a ZEhA medium time interval time tense interval: a medium length of time ze'e ZEhA whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time ze'i ZEhA short time interval time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time ze'u ZEhA long time interval time tense interval: a long amount of time ze'aba ZEhA for a while after time tense: a medium time interval offset towards the future; (tense/modal) ze'aca ZEhA for a while during time tense: a medium time interval spanning the present; (tense/modal) ze'apu ZEhA for a while before time tense: a medium time interval offset towards the past; (tense/modal) zo'u ZOhU end prenex marks end of logical prenex quantifiers/topic identification and start of sentence bridi ma KOhA sumti ? pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank pei CAI emotion ? attitudinal: attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what intensity? fi'a FA sumti place ? sumti place tag: place structure number/tag question ji A sumti conn ? logical connective: sumti afterthought connective question gi'i GIhA bridi conn ? logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conn question je'i JA tanru conn ? logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conn question ge'i GA fore conn ? logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question (with gi) zi'e ZIhE rel clause joiner joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti fai FA extra sumti place sumti place tag: tag a sumti moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal conversions pe'o PEhO fore mex operator forethought flag for mathematical expression (mex) Polish (forethought) operator ku'e KUhE end PEhO elidable terminator: end mathematical (mex) forethought (Polish) expression; often elidable fu'a FUhA reverse Polish reverse Polish mathematical expression (mex) operator flag bi'e BIhE high precedence prefixed to a mex operator to indicate high priority re'u ROI ordinal tense converts number to an objectively quantified ordinal tense interval modifier; defaults to time ce'e CEhE termset conn links terms into an afterthought termset pe'e PEhE termset joint marks the following connective as joining termsets ku KU end LE elidable terminator: end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable be BE link sumti sumti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions be'o BEhO end BE elidable terminator: end linked sumti in specified description bei BEI link more sumti separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions xo PA number ? digit/number: number/digit/lerfu question ke KE start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping ke'e KEhE end KE elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) bo BO short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping co CO tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links ku'o KUhO end NOI elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses